Hello and thanks for your post.
It looks like you have had an impressive career in the Armed Forces and it makes sense to pursue 1-year programs in order to transition to a corporate role. The application process is truly holistic, and committees will look at your stats (GPA and GMAT/GRE), work experience, and extracurriculars.
Your GPA is strong, so that is a good start. Your GMAT is decent, though compared to others in your demographic, it is about the average. To answer your first question, I suggest taking it up to 3-4 times. You have nothing to lose since schools will only look at your highest score. And even a slight increase can boost your profile. You may still want to illustrate to the schools that you have the academic ability to succeed in the classroom. You could showcase your quant ability in your resume, your recommenders could do the same in their recommendations, or you could even take a supplemental course such as stats or calculus, since you do have the time.
Your work experience overall looks impressive, and you have shown a lot of leadership in the Armed Forces. This is something you should definitely emphasize in your applications. It will also be important to explain why you want your MBA, and to also illustrate the skills you already have which are transferable to your post-MBA goals. Be sure your story makes sense, and is realistic and specific.
And regarding extracurriculars, make sure to really emphasize any leadership roles you have taken on.
Without knowing much about you, it is hard to suggest specific programs for you, but to name a few that you could research, perhaps look at Duke Fuqua, Cornell, and Notre Dame, as well as LBS, IMD, IESE, and HEC Paris.
These range in competitiveness, but if you slightly increase your GMAT and put together a really strong application, you will have a chance at the world’s top 1-year programs.
Good luck!